{"id":11144,"date":"2023-12-15T12:02:46","date_gmt":"2023-12-15T12:02:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/?page_id=11144"},"modified":"2024-02-07T16:02:35","modified_gmt":"2024-02-07T16:02:35","slug":"seminars","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/?page_id=11144","title":{"rendered":"Seminars"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row bg_position=&#8221;custom&#8221; enable_overlay=&#8221;yes&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1699958569443{padding-top: 150px !important;padding-bottom: 150px !important;background-color: rgba(96,54,0,0.31) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;*background-color: rgb(96,54,0) !important;}&#8221; overlay_bg=&#8221;linear-gradient(65deg, rgb(35, 42, 59) 0%, rgba(35, 42, 59, 0) 100%)&#8221; bg_pos_h=&#8221;80%&#8221; bg_pos_v=&#8221;50%&#8221;][vc_column enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; ca_init_scale_x=&#8221;1&#8243; ca_init_scale_y=&#8221;1&#8243; ca_init_opacity=&#8221;0&#8243; ca_an_scale_x=&#8221;1&#8243; ca_an_scale_y=&#8221;1&#8243; ca_an_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_col-lg-offset-2 vc_col-lg-8 vc_col-md-offset-1 vc_col-md-10&#8243; responsive_align=&#8221;text-center&#8221; ca_duration=&#8221;1600&#8243; ca_delay=&#8221;160&#8243; ca_init_translate_y=&#8221;70&#8243;]<style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6bc9ad5 h1{color:rgb(255, 255, 255);}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6bc9ad5 h1 {font-size:14vw; } @media (min-width: 768px) { .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6bc9ad5 h1 {font-size:74px; }  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6bc9ad5 h1 {line-height:1.125em; } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6bc9ad5 h1 {--element-line-height:1.125em; } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6bc9ad5 h1 {letter-spacing:-0.005em; } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6bc9ad5 h1 {margin-bottom:0.35em !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6bc9ad5 .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6bc9ad5 h1 {font-size:14vw; } @media (min-width: 768px) { .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6bc9ad5 h1 {font-size:74px; }  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6bc9ad5 h1 {line-height:1.125em; } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6bc9ad5 h1 {--element-line-height:1.125em; } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6bc9ad5 h1 {letter-spacing:-0.005em; } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6bc9ad5 h1 {margin-bottom:0.35em !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading mask-text text-capitalize ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6bc9ad5\">\n\t<h1 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default lqd-split-lines\"   data-split-text=\"true\" data-split-options='{\"type\":\"lines\"}'>  Seminars<\/h1><\/div>[vc_separator color=&#8221;white&#8221; style=&#8221;shadow&#8221; border_width=&#8221;4&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]<style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6bcc62a{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6bcc62a\"><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6bcc681{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6bcc681\"><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6bcc6ae{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6bcc6ae\"><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6bcc73c h2{color:#1b1b6d;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6bcc73c .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}<\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading text-center ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6bcc73c\">\n\t<h2 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left lqd-highlight-reset-onhover text-decoration-default\"   >  I- Seminar : The World Seen from Africa \/S2<\/h2><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6bd002c{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6bd002c\"><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6bd00d7 h5{color:#1b1b6d;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6bd00d7 .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}<\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading text-center ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6bd00d7\">\n\t<h5 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left lqd-highlight-reset-onhover text-underline\"   >  April 26, May 03- 10- 17- 24, June 7, 2023<\/h5><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6bd0286{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6bd0286\"><\/div>[vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11360&#8243; 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viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 4624 3468&#039;%2F%3E\" class=\"attachment-160x70 size-160x70 ld-lazyload\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/PHOTO-SEMINAIRE-M-SOUHASSOU-.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/PHOTO-SEMINAIRE-M-SOUHASSOU-.jpg 4624w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/PHOTO-SEMINAIRE-M-SOUHASSOU--300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/PHOTO-SEMINAIRE-M-SOUHASSOU--1024x768.jpg 1024w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 93px) 100vw, 93px\" data-aspect=\"1.3333333333333\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-item col-xs-4 col-sm-3 col-md-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-item-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"62\" height=\"70\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 2939 3322&#039;%2F%3E\" class=\"attachment-160x70 size-160x70 ld-lazyload\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/1300439.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/1300439.jpg 2939w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/1300439-265x300.jpg 265w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/1300439-906x1024.jpg 906w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 62px) 100vw, 62px\" data-aspect=\"0.88470800722456\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-item col-xs-4 col-sm-3 col-md-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-item-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"101\" height=\"70\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 3687 2551&#039;%2F%3E\" class=\"attachment-160x70 size-160x70 ld-lazyload\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/DSC08383.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/DSC08383.jpg 3687w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/DSC08383-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/DSC08383-1024x708.jpg 1024w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 101px) 100vw, 101px\" data-aspect=\"1.4453155625245\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-item col-xs-4 col-sm-3 col-md-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-item-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"117\" height=\"70\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 4252 2551&#039;%2F%3E\" class=\"attachment-160x70 size-160x70 ld-lazyload\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/DSC08390.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/DSC08390.jpg 4252w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/DSC08390-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/DSC08390-1024x614.jpg 1024w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 117px) 100vw, 117px\" data-aspect=\"1.6667973343787\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-item col-xs-4 col-sm-3 col-md-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-item-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"93\" height=\"70\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 2312 1734&#039;%2F%3E\" class=\"attachment-160x70 size-160x70 ld-lazyload\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/20230607_184334.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/20230607_184334.jpg 2312w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/20230607_184334-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/20230607_184334-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 93px) 100vw, 93px\" data-aspect=\"1.3333333333333\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-item col-xs-4 col-sm-3 col-md-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-item-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"114\" height=\"70\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 4148 2551&#039;%2F%3E\" class=\"attachment-160x70 size-160x70 ld-lazyload\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/P1051209.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/P1051209.jpg 4148w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/P1051209-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/P1051209-1024x630.jpg 1024w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 114px) 100vw, 114px\" data-aspect=\"1.6260290082321\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- \/.carousel-items -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- \/.carousel-container -->\n\n\t<\/div><!-- \/.lqd-img-gal-thumbs -->\n\n<\/div><!-- \/.lqd-img-gal -->[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<div class=\"ult-spacer spacer-69e40a6d327ef\" data-id=\"69e40a6d327ef\" data-height=\"10\" data-height-mobile=\"10\" data-height-tab=\"10\" data-height-tab-portrait=\"\" data-height-mobile-landscape=\"\" style=\"clear:both;display:block;\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-spacer spacer-69e40a6d32808\" data-id=\"69e40a6d32808\" data-height=\"10\" data-height-mobile=\"10\" data-height-tab=\"10\" data-height-tab-portrait=\"\" data-height-mobile-landscape=\"\" style=\"clear:both;display:block;\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-spacer spacer-69e40a6d32826\" data-id=\"69e40a6d32826\" data-height=\"10\" data-height-mobile=\"10\" data-height-tab=\"10\" data-height-tab-portrait=\"\" data-height-mobile-landscape=\"\" style=\"clear:both;display:block;\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-spacer spacer-69e40a6d32839\" data-id=\"69e40a6d32839\" data-height=\"10\" data-height-mobile=\"10\" data-height-tab=\"10\" data-height-tab-portrait=\"\" data-height-mobile-landscape=\"\" style=\"clear:both;display:block;\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-spacer spacer-69e40a6d3284c\" data-id=\"69e40a6d3284c\" data-height=\"10\" data-height-mobile=\"10\" data-height-tab=\"10\" data-height-tab-portrait=\"\" data-height-mobile-landscape=\"\" style=\"clear:both;display:block;\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-spacer spacer-69e40a6d3285e\" data-id=\"69e40a6d3285e\" data-height=\"10\" data-height-mobile=\"10\" data-height-tab=\"10\" data-height-tab-portrait=\"\" data-height-mobile-landscape=\"\" style=\"clear:both;display:block;\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]<style>.carousel-container.ld_carousel_marquee_tab_69e40a6d32abc .carousel-item{width:100%;flex-basis:100%;padding-inline-start:1px;padding-inline-end:1px;margin-inline-start:15px;margin-inline-end:15px;}.carousel-container.ld_carousel_marquee_tab_69e40a6d32abc .carousel-items.row{margin-inline-start:-1px;margin-inline-end:-1px;}@media (min-width: 768px) {.carousel-container.ld_carousel_marquee_tab_69e40a6d32abc .carousel-item { width:50%; flex-basis: 50%; }}@media (min-width: 992px) {.carousel-container.ld_carousel_marquee_tab_69e40a6d32abc .carousel-item { width:33.333333333333%; flex-basis: 33.333333333333%; }}<\/style><div id=\"ld_carousel_marquee_tab_69e40a6d32abc\" class=\"carousel-container lqd-marquee-carousel ld_carousel_marquee_tab_69e40a6d32abc\">\n\n\t<div class=\"carousel-items row\"  data-lqd-flickity='{\"marquee\":true,\"wrapAround\":true,\"equalHeightCells\":true,\"middleAlignContent\":true,\"marqueeTickerSpeed\":\"2\",\"cellAlign\":\"left\",\"draggable\":true}'>\n\t<div class=\"carousel-item has-width\"><div class=\"carousel-item-inner\"><div class=\"carousel-item-content\">[vc_single_image image=&#8221;12684&#8243;]<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"carousel-item has-width\"><div class=\"carousel-item-inner\"><div class=\"carousel-item-content\">[vc_single_image image=&#8221;12680&#8243;]<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"carousel-item has-width\"><div class=\"carousel-item-inner\"><div class=\"carousel-item-content\">[vc_single_image image=&#8221;12685&#8243;]<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"carousel-item has-width\"><div class=\"carousel-item-inner\"><div class=\"carousel-item-content\">[vc_single_image image=&#8221;12683&#8243;]<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"carousel-item has-width\"><div class=\"carousel-item-inner\"><div class=\"carousel-item-content\">[vc_single_image image=&#8221;12682&#8243;]<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"carousel-item has-width\"><div class=\"carousel-item-inner\"><div class=\"carousel-item-content\">[vc_single_image image=&#8221;12681&#8243;]<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t<\/div>\n\n<\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; gap=&#8221;25&#8243; full_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; columns_placement=&#8221;stretch&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;padding_top_medium:110px|padding_bottom_medium:110px|padding_bottom_small:80px&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1703243070518{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1702642487556{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 100px !important;padding-bottom: 100px !important;}&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;margin_bottom_medium:35px&#8221;]<style>.ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d35d0e {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } @media (min-width: 768px) { .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d35d0e {margin-left:45px !important;  }  } .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d35d0e {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } @media (min-width: 768px) { .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d35d0e {margin-left:45px !important;  }  } <\/style><div id=\"ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d35d0e\" class=\"lqd-imggrp-single ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d35d0e\"   >\n\t\n\t<div class=\"lqd-imggrp-img-container\"    >\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<figure ><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"479\" height=\"720\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 533 800&#039;%2F%3E\" class=\" ld-lazyload\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/PR.TRAORE.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/PR.TRAORE-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/PR.TRAORE.jpg 533w\" data-aspect=\"0.66625\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<\/div><!-- \/.lqd-imggrp-content -->\n<\/div><!-- \/.lqd-imggrp-single -->[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d42a23 h4{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d42a23 .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}<\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d42a23\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left lqd-highlight-reset-onhover text-underline\"   >  26\/4\/2023<\/h4><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6d4560d{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6d4560d\"><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d456ce h4{color:#1b1b6d;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d456ce h4 {margin-bottom:1em !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d456ce .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d456ce h4 {margin-bottom:1em !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d456ce\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Ousmane Traor\u00e9,<\/h4><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d498f4 h5{color:#2c236f;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d498f4 h5 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d498f4 .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d498f4 h5 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d498f4\">\n\t<h5 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Pomona College, Claremont, USA<\/h5><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6d49b12{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6d49b12\"><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d49bab h4{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d49bab h4 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d49bab .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d49bab h4 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d49bab\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Between the Sahara and Atlantic Ocean : Early Cross-Cultural Encounters Between North and West Africa, and the Mediterranean World.<br \/>\nSlavery, Religion, and Racial Intermingling<\/h4><\/div><style>.vc_accordion_69e40a6d49da7 .accordion-title a{color:#1b1b6d;}.vc_accordion_69e40a6d49da7 .accordion-item.active .accordion-title a{color:#1b1b6d;}.vc_accordion_69e40a6d49da7 .accordion-title a, .vc_accordion_69e40a6d49da7 .accordion-item{border-color:rgb(185, 185, 185);}<\/style><div class=\"accordion accordion-lg accordion-title-underlined vc_accordion_69e40a6d49da7\" id=\"vc_accordion_69e40a6d49da7\"\n     role=\"tablist\" aria-multiselectable=\"true\">\n\n\t            <div class=\"accordion-item panel  \">\n\n                <div class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"tab\" id=\"heading_lqd-1702643745320-71894e0f-513b\" data-id=\"lqd-1702643745320-71894e0f-513b\">\n                    <h4 class=\"accordion-title\" data-controls=\"lqd-1702643745320-71894e0f-513b\">\n                        <a class=\"collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                           data-parent=\"#vc_accordion_69e40a6d49da7\" href=\"#lqd-1702643745320-71894e0f-513b\"\n                           aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"lqd-1702643745320-71894e0f-513b\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbstract\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t                                <span class=\"accordion-expander\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-plus\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-minus\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                        <\/a>\n\n                    <\/h4>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <div id=\"lqd-1702643745320-71894e0f-513b\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                     role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_lqd-1702643745320-71894e0f-513b\">\n                    <div class=\"accordion-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1702643895083{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"ox-ae464ff0ee-msonormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; line-height: 16.8pt;\">This paper details the historical context of sub-Saharan societies in the early modern period, when they were caught between trans-Saharan and transatlantic trade patterns. It examines Arab, Almoravid, and European imperializing efforts, demonstrating how their common goal in the West African interior was to control the sources of gold and captives. Portuguese expansion in West Africa began in the fifteenth century, thus overlapping with that of the Saharan Almoravids and Arabs, which persisted from the eleventh into the eighteenth century. This imperial expansion, be it from Arabs or Europeans, had profound repercussions for the geopolitics of the Senegal River, Senegambia, and the hinterland. Analyzing it offers us a better understanding of violence as the driving force behind the slave trade. At the same time, within this context of slavery and violence, the populations were able to call on a variety of resistance strategies that allowed them to retain decision-making power and room for maneuver. In the Senegambian region, for instance, by resisting imperial incursions, communities and kingdoms not only maintained territorial sovereignty, but also preserved themselves from slavery. Scrutinizing such forms of resistance likewise reveals a great deal about the feelings of identity that underlay them. If identity among sub-Saharan ethnic states was strongly linked to the state\u2019s borders, another, more cosmopolitan, identity is observed to have taken shape in the trans-Saharan crossroads of the hinterland and in the Atlantic ports. North and West Africans in these settings, free and captive, elite and non-elite alike, turned to religion, Islam, as a common denominator in their encounters. In their claims to inhabit such collective religious identities, whether Animist, Muslim, or Christian, individuals as diverse as Arabs, Hausa, Fulani, Malinke, Sonra\u00ef, Tuareg, Berbers, the Futanke of Futa Toro, and the Soninke of Gajaaga (inter alia) bridged their linguistic and ethnic differences and hence created an intercultural milieu. This paper therefore focuses on the intercultural encounters cemented through the diplomatic language of religion, between various North African, West African, and European individuals in the inland areas, Atlantic ports of West Africa, and in the lands of Islam. Further, these collective identities acted as a counterweight to the slavery violence that held sway in West Africa from the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; gap=&#8221;25&#8243; full_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; columns_placement=&#8221;stretch&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;padding_top_medium:110px|padding_bottom_medium:110px|padding_bottom_small:80px&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1703243107221{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1702642487556{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 100px !important;padding-bottom: 100px !important;}&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;margin_bottom_medium:35px&#8221;]<style>.ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d49e62 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } @media (min-width: 768px) { .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d49e62 {margin-left:45px !important;  }  } .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d49e62 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } @media (min-width: 768px) { .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d49e62 {margin-left:45px !important;  }  } <\/style><div id=\"ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d49e62\" class=\"lqd-imggrp-single ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d49e62\"   >\n\t\n\t<div class=\"lqd-imggrp-img-container\"    >\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<figure ><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"669\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 480 669&#039;%2F%3E\" class=\" ld-lazyload\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AVT_Ali-Benmakhlouf_6514.webp\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AVT_Ali-Benmakhlouf_6514-215x300.webp 215w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AVT_Ali-Benmakhlouf_6514.webp 480w\" data-aspect=\"0.71748878923767\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<\/div><!-- \/.lqd-imggrp-content -->\n<\/div><!-- \/.lqd-imggrp-single -->[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d542ea h4{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d542ea .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}<\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d542ea\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left lqd-highlight-reset-onhover text-underline\"   >  3\/05\/2023<\/h4><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6d58ddc{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6d58ddc\"><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d58e9b h4{color:#1b1b6d;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d58e9b h4 {margin-bottom:1em !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d58e9b .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d58e9b h4 {margin-bottom:1em !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d58e9b\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Ali Benmakhlouf,<\/h4><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d5d1e3 h5{color:#2c236f;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d5d1e3 h5 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d5d1e3 .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d5d1e3 h5 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d5d1e3\">\n\t<h5 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Universit\u00e9 Mohammed VI Polytechnique, Maroc<\/h5><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6d5d453{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6d5d453\"><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d5d4f7 h4{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d5d4f7 h4 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d5d4f7 .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d5d4f7 h4 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d5d4f7\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Maya Angelou et Toni Morrisson, deux itin\u00e9raires afro-am\u00e9ricains<\/h4><\/div><style>.vc_accordion_69e40a6d5d637 .accordion-title a{color:#1b1b6d;}.vc_accordion_69e40a6d5d637 .accordion-item.active .accordion-title a{color:#1b1b6d;}.vc_accordion_69e40a6d5d637 .accordion-title a, .vc_accordion_69e40a6d5d637 .accordion-item{border-color:rgb(185, 185, 185);}<\/style><div class=\"accordion accordion-lg accordion-title-underlined vc_accordion_69e40a6d5d637\" id=\"vc_accordion_69e40a6d5d637\"\n     role=\"tablist\" aria-multiselectable=\"true\">\n\n\t            <div class=\"accordion-item panel  \">\n\n                <div class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"tab\" id=\"heading_lqd-1703068665141-97c6773c-52f1\" data-id=\"lqd-1703068665141-97c6773c-52f1\">\n                    <h4 class=\"accordion-title\" data-controls=\"lqd-1703068665141-97c6773c-52f1\">\n                        <a class=\"collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                           data-parent=\"#vc_accordion_69e40a6d5d637\" href=\"#lqd-1703068665141-97c6773c-52f1\"\n                           aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"lqd-1703068665141-97c6773c-52f1\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tArgumentaire\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t                                <span class=\"accordion-expander\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-plus\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-minus\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                        <\/a>\n\n                    <\/h4>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <div id=\"lqd-1703068665141-97c6773c-52f1\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                     role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_lqd-1703068665141-97c6773c-52f1\">\n                    <div class=\"accordion-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1703068889209{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"ox-ae464ff0ee-msonormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; line-height: 16.8pt;\">L\u2019Am\u00e9rique de jeunesse de Toni Morrison comme de celle de Maya Angelou est une Am\u00e9rique de la s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation. Maya Angelou n\u00e9e en 1928, morte en 2014. Elle fut danseuse, chanteuse, productrice d\u2019\u00e9missions \u00e0 la TV, tenanci\u00e8re de bar, mais surtout po\u00e9tesse. Elle apprit par c\u0153ur plusieurs passages de Shakespeare : pour une fois elle lut quelqu\u2019un dont l\u2019\u00e9criture ne refl\u00e8te pas le m\u00e9pris pour les Noirs. Elle fut la premi\u00e8re noire am\u00e9ricaine qui a \u00e9crit m\u00e9thodologiquement son autobiographie au-del\u00e0 du 3e volume (il y en a 7). Elle v\u00e9cut au Ghana o\u00f9, pour la premi\u00e8re fois, elle s\u2019est sentie chez elle (at home) ; elle v\u00e9cut en \u00c9gypte aussi o\u00f9 elle fut journaliste vivant avec un activiste Sud-Africain luttant contre l\u2019apartheid, voyagea en Alg\u00e9rie et au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal. Elle connut Malcom X avec qui elle voulut contribuer : il mourut le lendemain de son retour aux US. Elle combattit aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de Martin Luther King. Son \u0153uvre majeure : \u00ab I know why the caged bird sings \u00bb, paru en 1970.<br \/>\nToni Morrison (1933-2019) a remport\u00e9 le prix Nobel de litt\u00e9rature en 1993. Elle dit que l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord est la premi\u00e8re puissance mondiale car ce pays a b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de 200 ans de main d\u2019\u0153uvre gratuite, en raison de l\u2019esclavage, et n\u2019aime pas trop qu\u2019on le lui rappelle. Elle a \u00e9crit de nombreux romans dont \u00ab Beloved \u00bb, celui qui l\u2019a rendu c\u00e9l\u00e8bre. Ce roman est inspir\u00e9 de l\u2019histoire au 19e si\u00e8cle de Margareth Garner qui, fuyant l\u2019esclavage, et \u00e9tant rattrap\u00e9e par ses propri\u00e9taires, a pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 tuer ses enfants plut\u00f4t que de les livrer au propri\u00e9taire et de les voir devenir esclaves \u00e0 leur tour.[\/vc_column_text]                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; gap=&#8221;25&#8243; full_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; columns_placement=&#8221;stretch&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;padding_top_medium:110px|padding_bottom_medium:110px|padding_bottom_small:80px&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1703243168946{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1702642487556{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 100px !important;padding-bottom: 100px !important;}&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;margin_bottom_medium:35px&#8221;]<style>.ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d5d6e2 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } @media (min-width: 768px) { .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d5d6e2 {margin-left:45px !important;  }  } .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d5d6e2 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } @media (min-width: 768px) { .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d5d6e2 {margin-left:45px !important;  }  } <\/style><div id=\"ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d5d6e2\" class=\"lqd-imggrp-single ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d5d6e2\"   >\n\t\n\t<div class=\"lqd-imggrp-img-container\"    >\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<figure ><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"653\" height=\"700\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 933 1000&#039;%2F%3E\" class=\" ld-lazyload\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/parisot.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/parisot-280x300.jpg 280w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/parisot.jpg 933w\" data-aspect=\"0.933\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<\/div><!-- \/.lqd-imggrp-content -->\n<\/div><!-- \/.lqd-imggrp-single -->[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d6552c h4{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d6552c .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}<\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d6552c\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left lqd-highlight-reset-onhover text-underline\"   >  10\/05\/2023<\/h4><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6d69042{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6d69042\"><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d690fa h4{color:#1b1b6d;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d690fa h4 {margin-bottom:1em !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d690fa .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d690fa h4 {margin-bottom:1em !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d690fa\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Yolaine Parisot,<\/h4><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d6bc43 h5{color:#2c236f;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d6bc43 h5 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d6bc43 .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d6bc43 h5 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d6bc43\">\n\t<h5 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Universit\u00e9 de Paris Est Cr\u00e9teil, France<\/h5><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6d6be33{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6d6be33\"><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d6beec h4{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d6beec h4 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d6beec .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d6beec h4 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d6beec\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Lire le roman africain contemporain comme une fiction d'&#8221;histoire connect\u00e9e<\/h4><\/div><style>.vc_accordion_69e40a6d6c059 .accordion-title a{color:#1b1b6d;}.vc_accordion_69e40a6d6c059 .accordion-item.active .accordion-title a{color:#1b1b6d;}.vc_accordion_69e40a6d6c059 .accordion-title a, .vc_accordion_69e40a6d6c059 .accordion-item{border-color:rgb(185, 185, 185);}<\/style><div class=\"accordion accordion-lg accordion-title-underlined vc_accordion_69e40a6d6c059\" id=\"vc_accordion_69e40a6d6c059\"\n     role=\"tablist\" aria-multiselectable=\"true\">\n\n\t            <div class=\"accordion-item panel  \">\n\n                <div class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"tab\" id=\"heading_lqd-1702641480454-3ae76e20-f82f\" data-id=\"lqd-1702641480454-3ae76e20-f82f\">\n                    <h4 class=\"accordion-title\" data-controls=\"lqd-1702641480454-3ae76e20-f82f\">\n                        <a class=\"collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                           data-parent=\"#vc_accordion_69e40a6d6c059\" href=\"#lqd-1702641480454-3ae76e20-f82f\"\n                           aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"lqd-1702641480454-3ae76e20-f82f\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tArgumentaire\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t                                <span class=\"accordion-expander\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-plus\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-minus\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                        <\/a>\n\n                    <\/h4>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <div id=\"lqd-1702641480454-3ae76e20-f82f\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                     role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_lqd-1702641480454-3ae76e20-f82f\">\n                    <div class=\"accordion-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1702646687546{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"ox-ae464ff0ee-msonormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; line-height: 16.8pt;\">Nombre de romans africains francophones contemporains s\u2019affrontent \u00e0 cette n\u00e9cessit\u00e9, toujours actuelle et pertinente, de penser l\u2019universel. Ils renouent par l\u00e0-m\u00eame avec d\u2019anciens d\u00e9bats sur l\u2019humanisme. Mais, \u00e0 lire ces fictions, il s\u2019agit, semble-t-il, de le faire d\u00e9sormais en sondant la politique de la litt\u00e9rature \u00e0 l\u2019aune du contexte contemporain et d\u2019une nouvelle donne : l\u2019id\u00e9e que l\u2019imagination d\u2019un \u00e9tat du monde meilleur doit d\u00e9sormais s\u2019envisager depuis l\u2019Afrique, certes \u00e0 partir de la catastrophe advenue mais selon une \u00e9thique de la justice. Ces fictions romanesques interrogent les relations de la litt\u00e9rature \u00e0 son dehors au prisme d\u2019une relecture critique des \u00e9pist\u00e9m\u00e8s. L\u2019\u00e9criture de l\u2019histoire qu\u2019elles d\u00e9ploient vise moins \u00e0 reconstituer l\u2019histoire qu\u2019\u00e0 r\u00e9initialiser la circulation des savoirs et l\u2019exploration des biblioth\u00e8ques. Parce que la contre-histoire concerne autant la philosophie que les arts, cette r\u00e9flexivit\u00e9 du roman africain francophone contemporain sur la relation de la litt\u00e9rature \u00e0 son dehors et l\u2019auctorialit\u00e9 ainsi r\u00e9par\u00e9e non seulement contribuent \u00e0 une perspective transnationale mais fictionnalisent les conditions de possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019une \u00ab histoire connect\u00e9e \u00bb, non \u00ab entre les empires \u00bb, mais \u00ab en travers \u00bb (S. Subrahmanyam).<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; gap=&#8221;25&#8243; full_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; columns_placement=&#8221;stretch&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;padding_top_medium:110px|padding_bottom_medium:110px|padding_bottom_small:80px&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1703243177557{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1702642487556{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 100px !important;padding-bottom: 100px !important;}&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;margin_bottom_medium:35px&#8221;]<style>.ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d6c100 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } @media (min-width: 768px) { .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d6c100 {margin-left:45px !important;  }  } .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d6c100 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } @media (min-width: 768px) { .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d6c100 {margin-left:45px !important;  }  } <\/style><div id=\"ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d6c100\" class=\"lqd-imggrp-single ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d6c100\"   >\n\t\n\t<div class=\"lqd-imggrp-img-container\"    >\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<figure ><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"689\" height=\"607\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 985 868&#039;%2F%3E\" class=\" ld-lazyload\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/DSC083836.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/DSC083836-300x264.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/DSC083836.jpg 985w\" data-aspect=\"1.1347926267281\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<\/div><!-- \/.lqd-imggrp-content -->\n<\/div><!-- \/.lqd-imggrp-single -->[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d76fdc h4{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d76fdc .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}<\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d76fdc\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left lqd-highlight-reset-onhover text-underline\"   >  24\/05\/2023<\/h4><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6d79f07{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6d79f07\"><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d79fb7 h4{color:#1b1b6d;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d79fb7 h4 {margin-bottom:1em !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d79fb7 .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d79fb7 h4 {margin-bottom:1em !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d79fb7\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Malick Ndiaye,<\/h4><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d7e4a7 h5{color:#2c236f;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d7e4a7 h5 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d7e4a7 .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d7e4a7 h5 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d7e4a7\">\n\t<h5 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Seattle University, USA<\/h5><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6d7e6df{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6d7e6df\"><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d7e772 h4{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d7e772 h4 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d7e772 .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d7e772 h4 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d7e772\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Fureurs postcoloniales. Quels paradigmes pour une critique de l&#8217;universalisme en Afrique?<\/h4><\/div><style>.vc_accordion_69e40a6d7e8a2 .accordion-title a{color:#1b1b6d;}.vc_accordion_69e40a6d7e8a2 .accordion-item.active .accordion-title a{color:#1b1b6d;}.vc_accordion_69e40a6d7e8a2 .accordion-title a, .vc_accordion_69e40a6d7e8a2 .accordion-item{border-color:rgb(185, 185, 185);}<\/style><div class=\"accordion accordion-lg accordion-title-underlined vc_accordion_69e40a6d7e8a2\" id=\"vc_accordion_69e40a6d7e8a2\"\n     role=\"tablist\" aria-multiselectable=\"true\">\n\n\t            <div class=\"accordion-item panel  \">\n\n                <div class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"tab\" id=\"heading_lqd-1702646589659-c409a9ed-5715\" data-id=\"lqd-1702646589659-c409a9ed-5715\">\n                    <h4 class=\"accordion-title\" data-controls=\"lqd-1702646589659-c409a9ed-5715\">\n                        <a class=\"collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                           data-parent=\"#vc_accordion_69e40a6d7e8a2\" href=\"#lqd-1702646589659-c409a9ed-5715\"\n                           aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"lqd-1702646589659-c409a9ed-5715\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tArgumentaire\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t                                <span class=\"accordion-expander\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-plus\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-minus\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                        <\/a>\n\n                    <\/h4>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <div id=\"lqd-1702646589659-c409a9ed-5715\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                     role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_lqd-1702646589659-c409a9ed-5715\">\n                    <div class=\"accordion-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1702645523827{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"ox-ae464ff0ee-msonormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; line-height: 16.8pt;\">La r\u00e9flexion partira d&#8217;une analyse de la politique africaine de la France pour d\u00e9gager des hypoth\u00e8ses sur connivences et les ruptures dans les \u00e9changes sur et \u00e0 partir de l&#8217;Afrique. On verra les tendances et limites d&#8217;un discours afrocentr\u00e9 en r\u00e9action \u00e0 l&#8217;universalisme \u00e0 l&#8217;occidentale. Notre propos m\u00ealera les d\u00e9bats post-black lives matter sur l&#8217;inclusion, la critique du n\u00e9ocolonialisme et les tendances actuelles de la prospective comme r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 une vision st\u00e9r\u00e9otyp\u00e9e du continent.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; gap=&#8221;25&#8243; full_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; columns_placement=&#8221;stretch&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;padding_top_medium:110px|padding_bottom_medium:110px|padding_bottom_small:80px&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1703243144469{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1702642487556{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 100px !important;padding-bottom: 100px !important;}&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;margin_bottom_medium:35px&#8221;]<style>.ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d7e95f {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } @media (min-width: 768px) { .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d7e95f {margin-left:45px !important;  }  } .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d7e95f {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } @media (min-width: 768px) { .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d7e95f {margin-left:45px !important;  }  } <\/style><div id=\"ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d7e95f\" class=\"lqd-imggrp-single ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d7e95f\"   >\n\t\n\t<div class=\"lqd-imggrp-img-container\"    >\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<figure ><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"500\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 1080 1000&#039;%2F%3E\" class=\" ld-lazyload\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/rsz_1m_coyault.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/rsz_1m_coyault-300x278.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/rsz_1m_coyault-1024x948.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/rsz_1m_coyault.jpg 1080w\" data-aspect=\"1.08\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<\/div><!-- \/.lqd-imggrp-content -->\n<\/div><!-- \/.lqd-imggrp-single -->[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d88b6e h4{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d88b6e .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}<\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d88b6e\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left lqd-highlight-reset-onhover text-underline\"   >  07\/06\/2023<\/h4><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6d8c898{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6d8c898\"><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d8c953 h4{color:#1b1b6d;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d8c953 h4 {margin-bottom:1em !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d8c953 .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d8c953 h4 {margin-bottom:1em !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d8c953\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Bernard Coyault,<\/h4><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d92b28 h5{color:#2c236f;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d92b28 h5 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d92b28 .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d92b28 h5 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d92b28\">\n\t<h5 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Centre for Afro-European and Religious Studies (CARES).<\/h5><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6d92e2a{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6d92e2a\"><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d92ebd h4{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d92ebd h4 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d92ebd .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d92ebd h4 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d92ebd\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  L\u2019\u00c9gypte noire, historiographie afrocentr\u00e9e et renaissance culturelle africaine : g\u00e9n\u00e9alogie et devenir d\u2019une rupture \u00e9pist\u00e9mique<\/h4><\/div><style>.vc_accordion_69e40a6d92ff0 .accordion-title a{color:#1b1b6d;}.vc_accordion_69e40a6d92ff0 .accordion-item.active .accordion-title a{color:#1b1b6d;}.vc_accordion_69e40a6d92ff0 .accordion-title a, .vc_accordion_69e40a6d92ff0 .accordion-item{border-color:rgb(185, 185, 185);}<\/style><div class=\"accordion accordion-lg accordion-title-underlined vc_accordion_69e40a6d92ff0\" id=\"vc_accordion_69e40a6d92ff0\"\n     role=\"tablist\" aria-multiselectable=\"true\">\n\n\t            <div class=\"accordion-item panel  \">\n\n                <div class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"tab\" id=\"heading_lqd-1702645291486-c746c84a-5431\" data-id=\"lqd-1702645291486-c746c84a-5431\">\n                    <h4 class=\"accordion-title\" data-controls=\"lqd-1702645291486-c746c84a-5431\">\n                        <a class=\"collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                           data-parent=\"#vc_accordion_69e40a6d92ff0\" href=\"#lqd-1702645291486-c746c84a-5431\"\n                           aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"lqd-1702645291486-c746c84a-5431\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tArgumentaire\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t                                <span class=\"accordion-expander\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-plus\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-minus\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                        <\/a>\n\n                    <\/h4>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <div id=\"lqd-1702645291486-c746c84a-5431\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                     role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_lqd-1702645291486-c746c84a-5431\">\n                    <div class=\"accordion-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1702641170719{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"ox-ae464ff0ee-msonormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; line-height: 16.8pt;\">En 1954 paraissait Nations n\u00e8gres et culture du S\u00e9n\u00e9galais Cheikh Anta Diop (1923-1986). Pour Diop, l\u2019Egypte pharaonique (Kemet) est une civilisation \u00e9difi\u00e9e par des Noirs et cette matrice \u00e9gyptienne noire serait \u00e0 l\u2019origine d\u2019une part de la civilisation occidentale via la Gr\u00e8ce antique, et d\u2019autre part des civilisations africaines de l\u2019Ouest et du Centre. L\u2019ouvrage porte un projet de refondation d\u2019une conscience historique africaine en vue d\u2019une renaissance culturelle et politique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du continent. La th\u00e8se est rejet\u00e9e par les savants occidentaux, oscillant entre d\u00e9ni et m\u00e9pris et disqualifiant les travaux de nombreux chercheurs historiens et leurs \u00e9coles d\u2019\u00e9gyptologie ouvertes dans les capitales africaines. De cette guerre id\u00e9ologique entretenue par l\u2019humiliation et le ressentiment \u00e9merge peu \u00e0 peu un r\u00e9gime historiographique de s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation. Au fil du temps, le d\u00e9bat a quitt\u00e9 les cercles savants et la proposition diopienne a donn\u00e9 naissance \u00e0 une contreculture bas\u00e9e sur l\u2019Egypte noire &#8211; antique matrice de toute sagesse et de toute connaissance. Ce courant transnational impacte les \u00ab Afriques dans le monde \u00bb. La conf\u00e9rence questionne le devenir de cette rupture \u00e9pist\u00e9mique et les possibilit\u00e9s de r\u00e9tablir une conversation.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator color=&#8221;blue&#8221; style=&#8221;shadow&#8221; border_width=&#8221;10&#8243;]<style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6d93043{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6d93043\"><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6d9306a{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6d9306a\"><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6d9308b{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6d9308b\"><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d9310b h2{color:#1b1b6d;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d9310b .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}<\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading text-center ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d9310b\">\n\t<h2 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left lqd-highlight-reset-onhover text-decoration-default\"   >  II- Seminar : The World Seen from Africa<\/h2><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6d93185{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6d93185\"><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d93204 h5{color:#1b1b6d;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d93204 .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}<\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading text-center ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d93204\">\n\t<h5 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left lqd-highlight-reset-onhover text-underline\"   >  November 30, December 07, 2022<\/p>\n<p>January 4 &#8211; 18, 2023<\/h5><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6d9329d{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6d9329d\"><\/div>[vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11390&#8243; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1703078107668{border-radius: 10px !important;}&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; gap=&#8221;25&#8243; full_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; columns_placement=&#8221;stretch&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;padding_top_medium:110px|padding_bottom_medium:110px|padding_bottom_small:80px&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1703243657622{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1702642487556{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 100px !important;padding-bottom: 100px !important;}&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;margin_bottom_medium:35px&#8221;]<style>.ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d9330d {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } @media (min-width: 768px) { .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d9330d {margin-left:45px !important;  }  } .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d9330d {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } @media (min-width: 768px) { .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d9330d {margin-left:45px !important;  }  } <\/style><div id=\"ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d9330d\" class=\"lqd-imggrp-single ld_images_group_element_69e40a6d9330d\"   >\n\t\n\t<div class=\"lqd-imggrp-img-container\"    >\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<figure ><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1728\" height=\"972\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 1920 1080&#039;%2F%3E\" class=\" ld-lazyload\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Copie-de-Yellow-And-Blue-Modern-Digital-Marketing-Webinar-Flyer-12.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Copie-de-Yellow-And-Blue-Modern-Digital-Marketing-Webinar-Flyer-12-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Copie-de-Yellow-And-Blue-Modern-Digital-Marketing-Webinar-Flyer-12-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Copie-de-Yellow-And-Blue-Modern-Digital-Marketing-Webinar-Flyer-12.jpg 1920w\" data-aspect=\"1.7777777777778\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<\/div><!-- \/.lqd-imggrp-content -->\n<\/div><!-- \/.lqd-imggrp-single -->[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d9f998 h4{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d9f998 .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}<\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6d9f998\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left lqd-highlight-reset-onhover text-underline\"   >  30\/11\/2022<\/h4><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6da0dd7{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6da0dd7\"><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6da0e7c h4{color:#1b1b6d;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6da0e7c h4 {margin-bottom:1em !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6da0e7c .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6da0e7c h4 {margin-bottom:1em !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6da0e7c\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Ali Benmakhlouf,<\/h4><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6da327e h5{color:#2c236f;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6da327e h5 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6da327e .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6da327e h5 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6da327e\">\n\t<h5 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Universit\u00e9 Mohammed VI Polytechnique, Maroc<\/h5><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6da343b{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6da343b\"><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6da34d0 h4{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6da34d0 h4 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6da34d0 .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6da34d0 h4 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6da34d0\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Le patrimoine mondial : une transmission mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9e de la m\u00e9moire<\/h4><\/div><style>.vc_accordion_69e40a6da3603 .accordion-title a{color:#1b1b6d;}.vc_accordion_69e40a6da3603 .accordion-item.active .accordion-title a{color:#1b1b6d;}.vc_accordion_69e40a6da3603 .accordion-title a, .vc_accordion_69e40a6da3603 .accordion-item{border-color:rgb(185, 185, 185);}<\/style><div class=\"accordion accordion-lg accordion-title-underlined vc_accordion_69e40a6da3603\" id=\"vc_accordion_69e40a6da3603\"\n     role=\"tablist\" aria-multiselectable=\"true\">\n\n\t            <div class=\"accordion-item panel  \">\n\n                <div class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"tab\" id=\"heading_lqd-1703078475430-8405bcac-9ce2\" data-id=\"lqd-1703078475430-8405bcac-9ce2\">\n                    <h4 class=\"accordion-title\" data-controls=\"lqd-1703078475430-8405bcac-9ce2\">\n                        <a class=\"collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                           data-parent=\"#vc_accordion_69e40a6da3603\" href=\"#lqd-1703078475430-8405bcac-9ce2\"\n                           aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"lqd-1703078475430-8405bcac-9ce2\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tArgumentaire\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t                                <span class=\"accordion-expander\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-plus\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-minus\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                        <\/a>\n\n                    <\/h4>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <div id=\"lqd-1703078475430-8405bcac-9ce2\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                     role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_lqd-1703078475430-8405bcac-9ce2\">\n                    <div class=\"accordion-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1703080272654{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"ox-ae464ff0ee-msonormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; line-height: 16.8pt;\">\u00a0La convention de 1972 sur le patrimoine mondial, de l\u2019UNESCO, ne se pr\u00e9sente pas comme celle d\u2019un \u00ab patrimoine commun de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 \u00bb : celle expression renvoie au droit sur les fonds marins, l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re ou encore la lune (1979). La convention parle plut\u00f4t de la \u00ab communaut\u00e9 internationale \u00bb que \u00ab d\u2019humanit\u00e9 \u00bb. En cela elle suppose la participation des \u00c9tats dont la souverainet\u00e9 est \u00e0 la fois une contrainte, un engagement et une n\u00e9cessaire coop\u00e9ration.<br \/>\nLa contrainte vient non seulement de la soumission de la convention au droit de chaque \u00c9tat membre, mais aussi \u00e0 une contrainte moins explicite, mais non moins efficiente : celle du march\u00e9 financier et de la circulation rapide du capital qui pr\u00e9sente des menaces sur des sites susceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre prot\u00e9g\u00e9s et qui se trouvent soumis \u00e0 la sp\u00e9culation fonci\u00e8re.<br \/>\nLe patrimoine n\u2019est pas dissociable du regard qu\u2019on porte sur lui. Au c\u0153ur du concept de patrimoine, il y a le souci de la transmission aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures de ce qui a une valeur. Il a ainsi une dette contract\u00e9e, non envers les Anciens, mais aussi envers les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations \u00e0 venir, ce qui suppos\u00e9 le fait d\u2019assumer le co\u00fbt d\u2019une conservation pour une transmission.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; gap=&#8221;25&#8243; full_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; columns_placement=&#8221;stretch&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;padding_top_medium:110px|padding_bottom_medium:110px|padding_bottom_small:80px&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1703243668618{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1702642487556{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 100px !important;padding-bottom: 100px !important;}&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;margin_bottom_medium:35px&#8221;]<style>.ld_images_group_element_69e40a6da36a7 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } @media (min-width: 768px) { .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6da36a7 {margin-left:45px !important;  }  } .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6da36a7 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } @media (min-width: 768px) { .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6da36a7 {margin-left:45px !important;  }  } <\/style><div id=\"ld_images_group_element_69e40a6da36a7\" class=\"lqd-imggrp-single ld_images_group_element_69e40a6da36a7\"   >\n\t\n\t<div class=\"lqd-imggrp-img-container\"    >\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<figure ><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1728\" height=\"972\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 1920 1080&#039;%2F%3E\" class=\" ld-lazyload\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Copie-de-Yellow-And-Blue-Modern-Digital-Marketing-Webinar-Flyer-13.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Copie-de-Yellow-And-Blue-Modern-Digital-Marketing-Webinar-Flyer-13-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Copie-de-Yellow-And-Blue-Modern-Digital-Marketing-Webinar-Flyer-13-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Copie-de-Yellow-And-Blue-Modern-Digital-Marketing-Webinar-Flyer-13.jpg 1920w\" data-aspect=\"1.7777777777778\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<\/div><!-- \/.lqd-imggrp-content -->\n<\/div><!-- \/.lqd-imggrp-single -->[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dac0e8 h4{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dac0e8 .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}<\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dac0e8\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left lqd-highlight-reset-onhover text-underline\"   >  7\/12\/2022<\/h4><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6dae684{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6dae684\"><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dae732 h4{color:#1b1b6d;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dae732 h4 {margin-bottom:1em !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dae732 .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dae732 h4 {margin-bottom:1em !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dae732\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Ali Benmakhlouf,<\/h4><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6db1416 h5{color:#2c236f;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6db1416 h5 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6db1416 .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6db1416 h5 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6db1416\">\n\t<h5 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Universit\u00e9 Mohammed VI Polytechnique, Maroc<\/h5><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6db15b2{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6db15b2\"><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6db1642 h4{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6db1642 h4 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6db1642 .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6db1642 h4 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6db1642\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Les voyages en Afrique d\u2019Ibn Battuta<\/h4><\/div><style>.vc_accordion_69e40a6db1774 .accordion-title a{color:#1b1b6d;}.vc_accordion_69e40a6db1774 .accordion-item.active .accordion-title a{color:#1b1b6d;}.vc_accordion_69e40a6db1774 .accordion-title a, .vc_accordion_69e40a6db1774 .accordion-item{border-color:rgb(185, 185, 185);}<\/style><div class=\"accordion accordion-lg accordion-title-underlined vc_accordion_69e40a6db1774\" id=\"vc_accordion_69e40a6db1774\"\n     role=\"tablist\" aria-multiselectable=\"true\">\n\n\t            <div class=\"accordion-item panel  \">\n\n                <div class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"tab\" id=\"heading_lqd-1703080524566-dca17954-5cd3\" data-id=\"lqd-1703080524566-dca17954-5cd3\">\n                    <h4 class=\"accordion-title\" data-controls=\"lqd-1703080524566-dca17954-5cd3\">\n                        <a class=\"collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                           data-parent=\"#vc_accordion_69e40a6db1774\" href=\"#lqd-1703080524566-dca17954-5cd3\"\n                           aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"lqd-1703080524566-dca17954-5cd3\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tArgumentaire\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t                                <span class=\"accordion-expander\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-plus\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-minus\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                        <\/a>\n\n                    <\/h4>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <div id=\"lqd-1703080524566-dca17954-5cd3\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                     role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_lqd-1703080524566-dca17954-5cd3\">\n                    <div class=\"accordion-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1703080606206{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"ox-ae464ff0ee-msonormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; line-height: 16.8pt;\">Deux remarques d\u2019un des plus grands sp\u00e9cialistes contemporains de l\u2019histoire de l\u2019Afrique :<br \/>\n1)Aller du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des sources arabes de l\u2019histoire de l\u2019Afrique comme un des moyens de \u00ab se d\u00e9faire de l\u2019image d\u2019une Afrique \u00ab \u00e9ternelle \u00bb, de l\u2019Afrique des \u00ab tribus \u00bb, de l\u2019Afrique \u00ab miroir des origines \u00bb, (Fran\u00e7ois Xavier Fauvelle, Le Rhinoceros d\u2019or, histoire du Moyen \u00e2ge africain, Tallandier, nouvelle \u00e9dition, 2022, p.15). \u00bb.<br \/>\n2) \u00ab Partout, les connaissances relatives au pass\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s africaines souffre d\u2019un d\u00e9ficit de l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 au sein des connaissances admises par le plus grand nombre \u00bb (F-X Fauvelle, Penser l\u2019histoire de l\u2019Afrique, CNRS \u00c9ditions, 2022, p.8)<br \/>\nCommen\u00e7ons par y rem\u00e9dier en lisant \u00ab le voyage \u00bb (la rihla) d\u2019Ibn Battuta.<br \/>\nIl fait une \u00ab rihla \u00bb, litt\u00e9ralement \u00ab d\u00e9placement \u00bb, mot qui d\u00e9signe aussi bien le voyage que le r\u00e9cit qui en est fait, car c\u2019est devenu un genre litt\u00e9raire.<br \/>\nChams ed din abu Abdullah mohammed ibn abdullah ibn mohamed ibn ibrahim ibn mohamed ibn ibrahim ibn yusuf al law\u00e2ti al tanji, dit Ibn Battuta (ca. 1304-1369), n\u00e9 sous la dynastie m\u00e9rinide, ne fut ni un historien, ni tout \u00e0 fait un chroniqueur. Ce fut un voyageur, se consid\u00e8re comme \u00ab une \u00e2me ent\u00eat\u00e9e au voyage \u00bb. Ses voyages sont motiv\u00e9s par la pi\u00e9t\u00e9, le souhait de faire le p\u00e8lerinage, mais tr\u00e8s vite le go\u00fbt du voyage prit le dessus, et le d\u00e9sir d\u2019arpenter le monde musulman de Tanger \u00e0 P\u00e9kin en passant par la Mecque et Dehli, puis d\u2019autres voyages le m\u00e8nent vers le Y\u00e9men, la c\u00f4te orientale de l\u2019Afrique, la Mauritanie, le Mali, le pays du \u00ab soudan \u00bb, soit ce que nous appelons aujourd\u2019hui l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; gap=&#8221;25&#8243; full_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; columns_placement=&#8221;stretch&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;padding_top_medium:110px|padding_bottom_medium:110px|padding_bottom_small:80px&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1703243679495{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1702642487556{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 100px !important;padding-bottom: 100px !important;}&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;margin_bottom_medium:35px&#8221;]<style>.ld_images_group_element_69e40a6db181f {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } @media (min-width: 768px) { .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6db181f {margin-left:45px !important;  }  } .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6db181f {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } @media (min-width: 768px) { .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6db181f {margin-left:45px !important;  }  } <\/style><div id=\"ld_images_group_element_69e40a6db181f\" class=\"lqd-imggrp-single ld_images_group_element_69e40a6db181f\"   >\n\t\n\t<div class=\"lqd-imggrp-img-container\"    >\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<figure ><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1728\" height=\"972\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 1920 1080&#039;%2F%3E\" class=\" ld-lazyload\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Copie-de-Yellow-And-Blue-Modern-Digital-Marketing-Webinar-Flyer-14.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Copie-de-Yellow-And-Blue-Modern-Digital-Marketing-Webinar-Flyer-14-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Copie-de-Yellow-And-Blue-Modern-Digital-Marketing-Webinar-Flyer-14-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Copie-de-Yellow-And-Blue-Modern-Digital-Marketing-Webinar-Flyer-14.jpg 1920w\" data-aspect=\"1.7777777777778\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<\/div><!-- \/.lqd-imggrp-content -->\n<\/div><!-- \/.lqd-imggrp-single -->[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6db9e48 h4{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6db9e48 .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}<\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6db9e48\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left lqd-highlight-reset-onhover text-underline\"   >  4\/1\/2023<\/h4><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6dbb31f{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6dbb31f\"><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dbb3cb h4{color:#1b1b6d;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dbb3cb h4 {margin-bottom:1em !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dbb3cb .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dbb3cb h4 {margin-bottom:1em !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dbb3cb\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Ali Benmakhlouf,<\/h4><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dbcaaf h5{color:#2c236f;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dbcaaf h5 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dbcaaf .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dbcaaf h5 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dbcaaf\">\n\t<h5 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Universit\u00e9 Mohammed VI Polytechnique, Maroc<\/h5><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6dbcc6d{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6dbcc6d\"><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dbccfb h4{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dbccfb h4 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dbccfb .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dbccfb h4 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dbccfb\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Ibn Khaldun, une histoire africaine \u00e0 la mesure du monde : l\u2019enjeu des archives lacunaires<\/h4><\/div><style>.vc_accordion_69e40a6dbce24 .accordion-title a{color:#1b1b6d;}.vc_accordion_69e40a6dbce24 .accordion-item.active .accordion-title a{color:#1b1b6d;}.vc_accordion_69e40a6dbce24 .accordion-title a, .vc_accordion_69e40a6dbce24 .accordion-item{border-color:rgb(185, 185, 185);}<\/style><div class=\"accordion accordion-lg accordion-title-underlined vc_accordion_69e40a6dbce24\" id=\"vc_accordion_69e40a6dbce24\"\n     role=\"tablist\" aria-multiselectable=\"true\">\n\n\t            <div class=\"accordion-item panel  \">\n\n                <div class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"tab\" id=\"heading_lqd-1703081039069-b08f3b57-0832\" data-id=\"lqd-1703081039069-b08f3b57-0832\">\n                    <h4 class=\"accordion-title\" data-controls=\"lqd-1703081039069-b08f3b57-0832\">\n                        <a class=\"collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                           data-parent=\"#vc_accordion_69e40a6dbce24\" href=\"#lqd-1703081039069-b08f3b57-0832\"\n                           aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"lqd-1703081039069-b08f3b57-0832\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tArgumentaire\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t                                <span class=\"accordion-expander\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-plus\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-minus\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                        <\/a>\n\n                    <\/h4>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <div id=\"lqd-1703081039069-b08f3b57-0832\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                     role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_lqd-1703081039069-b08f3b57-0832\">\n                    <div class=\"accordion-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1703081120577{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"ox-ae464ff0ee-msonormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; line-height: 16.8pt;\">Ibn Khald\u00fbn, Le livre des exemples, I, Muqaddima (prol\u00e9gom\u00e8nes), Gallimard, Pl\u00e9iade, trad.fran\u00e7. de Abdeslam Cheddadi, 2002 :<br \/>\n\u00ab Les sciences qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 perdues sont plus nombreuses que celles qui nous sont parvenues. O\u00f9 sont les sciences des Perses que \u2018Umar avait donn\u00e9 l\u2019ordre d\u2019abolir \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de la conqu\u00eate ? O\u00f9 sont les sciences des Chald\u00e9ens, des Assyriens, des Babyloniens ? O\u00f9 sont leurs \u0153uvres et les r\u00e9sultats qu\u2019ils ont acquis ? O\u00f9 sont encore les sciences des Egyptiens avant eux ? Les sciences qui sont arriv\u00e9es jusqu\u2019\u00e0 nous proviennent d\u2019une seule nation, la Gr\u00e8ce, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la passion mise par Al-Ma\u2019m\u00fbn \u00e0 les faire sortir de la langue grecque et aux moyens qu\u2019il a pu mettre en \u0153uvre : un grand nombre de traducteurs et beaucoup d\u2019argent. Nous ne connaissons rien des sciences des autres nations. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; gap=&#8221;25&#8243; full_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; columns_placement=&#8221;stretch&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;padding_top_medium:110px|padding_bottom_medium:110px|padding_bottom_small:80px&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1703243689761{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1702642487556{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 100px !important;padding-bottom: 100px !important;}&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;margin_bottom_medium:35px&#8221;]<style>.ld_images_group_element_69e40a6dbced5 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } @media (min-width: 768px) { .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6dbced5 {margin-left:45px !important;  }  } .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6dbced5 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } @media (min-width: 768px) { .ld_images_group_element_69e40a6dbced5 {margin-left:45px !important;  }  } <\/style><div id=\"ld_images_group_element_69e40a6dbced5\" class=\"lqd-imggrp-single ld_images_group_element_69e40a6dbced5\"   >\n\t\n\t<div class=\"lqd-imggrp-img-container\"    >\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<figure ><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1728\" height=\"972\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns%3D&#039;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#039; viewBox%3D&#039;0 0 1920 1080&#039;%2F%3E\" class=\" ld-lazyload\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Copie-de-Yellow-And-Blue-Modern-Digital-Marketing-Webinar-Flyer-15.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Copie-de-Yellow-And-Blue-Modern-Digital-Marketing-Webinar-Flyer-15-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Copie-de-Yellow-And-Blue-Modern-Digital-Marketing-Webinar-Flyer-15-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Copie-de-Yellow-And-Blue-Modern-Digital-Marketing-Webinar-Flyer-15.jpg 1920w\" data-aspect=\"1.7777777777778\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<\/div><!-- \/.lqd-imggrp-content -->\n<\/div><!-- \/.lqd-imggrp-single -->[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dc5188 h4{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dc5188 .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}<\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dc5188\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left lqd-highlight-reset-onhover text-underline\"   >  18\/1\/2023<\/h4><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6dc7a2d{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6dc7a2d\"><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dc7afd h4{color:#1b1b6d;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dc7afd h4 {margin-bottom:1em !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dc7afd .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dc7afd h4 {margin-bottom:1em !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dc7afd\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Ali Benmakhlouf,<\/h4><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dca320 h5{color:#2c236f;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dca320 h5 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dca320 .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dca320 h5 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dca320\">\n\t<h5 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  Universit\u00e9 Mohammed VI Polytechnique, Maroc<\/h5><\/div><style>.ld_spacer_69e40a6dca505{height:32px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"ld-empty-space ld_spacer_69e40a6dca505\"><\/div><style>.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dca5af h4{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dca5af h4 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } .ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dca5af .lqd-highlight-inner{height:0.275em!important;bottom:0px!important;}.ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dca5af h4 {margin-bottom:0px !important;  } <\/style><div class=\"ld-fancy-heading ld_fancy_heading_69e40a6dca5af\">\n\t<h4 class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left text-decoration-default\"   >  D\u00e9crire l\u2019Afrique au 16e si\u00e8cle, Hassan Al Wazzan dit L\u00e9on l\u2019africain<br \/>\n1494-1554<\/h4><\/div><style>.vc_accordion_69e40a6dca707 .accordion-title a{color:#1b1b6d;}.vc_accordion_69e40a6dca707 .accordion-item.active .accordion-title a{color:#1b1b6d;}.vc_accordion_69e40a6dca707 .accordion-title a, .vc_accordion_69e40a6dca707 .accordion-item{border-color:rgb(185, 185, 185);}<\/style><div class=\"accordion accordion-lg accordion-title-underlined vc_accordion_69e40a6dca707\" id=\"vc_accordion_69e40a6dca707\"\n     role=\"tablist\" aria-multiselectable=\"true\">\n\n\t            <div class=\"accordion-item panel  \">\n\n                <div class=\"accordion-heading\" role=\"tab\" id=\"heading_lqd-1703082106781-dbf8a7b7-2faf\" data-id=\"lqd-1703082106781-dbf8a7b7-2faf\">\n                    <h4 class=\"accordion-title\" data-controls=\"lqd-1703082106781-dbf8a7b7-2faf\">\n                        <a class=\"collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                           data-parent=\"#vc_accordion_69e40a6dca707\" href=\"#lqd-1703082106781-dbf8a7b7-2faf\"\n                           aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"lqd-1703082106781-dbf8a7b7-2faf\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tArgumentaire\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t                                <span class=\"accordion-expander\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-plus\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-minus\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                        <\/a>\n\n                    <\/h4>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <div id=\"lqd-1703082106781-dbf8a7b7-2faf\" class=\"accordion-collapse collapse\"\n                     role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"heading_lqd-1703082106781-dbf8a7b7-2faf\">\n                    <div class=\"accordion-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1703082411742{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221;]N\u00e9 \u00e0 Grenade aux alentours de 1495, au moment de la chute de Grenade (1492). Sa famille rejoint F\u00e8s. Premier exil forc\u00e9 et premier apprentissage fond\u00e9 sur la m\u00e9morisation du coran. Puis \u00e9tude du droit et de la th\u00e9ologie dans l\u2019universit\u00e9 Al Quarawiyyin. Il participe \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes campagnes militaires pour reprendre Asilah aux portugais autour de 1512. Il a 16 ans quand il accompagne son oncle, grand diplomate, envoy\u00e9 par le roi Wattasside (dynastie qui a peu r\u00e9gn\u00e9 au Maroc: 1472-1555), aupr\u00e8s de Muhammed Tour\u00e9, roi de Tombouctou. Lors de son second voyage au Mali, il chargea du sel pour aller le vendre l\u00e0-bas. De l\u00e0, il rejoignit l\u2019\u00c9gypte, par une route pleine de dangers. Il longe le bord septentrional du lac Tchad. Il est envoy\u00e9 par le roi de F\u00e8s pour une mission \u00e0 Constantinople. Traverse le Maghreb, s\u2019arr\u00eate \u00e0 la cour de Tlemcen, gagne l\u2019\u00c9gypte, fait probablement le p\u00e8lerinage de la Mecque. Lors de son retour, en 1518, au large de l\u2019\u00eele de Djerba, le corsaire sicilien Pietro Bodaviglia le fit prisonnier et l\u2019emmena en Italie.<\/p>\n<p>(Lire les travaux de la sp\u00e9cialiste internationalement reconnue de L\u00e9on l\u2019Africain : Oumelbanine Zhiri, Les sillages de Jean L\u00e9on l\u2019Africain, Wallada, Casablacna, 1995.<br \/>\nOumelbanine Zhiri, L\u2019Afrique au miroir de l\u2019Europe, Droz, Gen\u00e8ve, 1991.)<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e9on l\u2019Africain avait beaucoup d\u2019humour concernant sa situation: Africain en Europe, Europ\u00e9en (il est n\u00e9 \u00e0 Grenade) en Afrique. On l\u2019appellerait aujourd\u2019hui afrop\u00e9en.<br \/>\n\u00ab Il con\u00e7oit ainsi une fable, celle de l\u2019oiseau amphibie, vivant dans les airs et dans l\u2019eau :<br \/>\n\u00ab Toutes les fois qu\u2019on venait demander \u00e0 l\u2019oisillon l\u2019imp\u00f4t de la part du roi des oiseaux, il s\u2019enfuyait sous l\u2019eau et toutes les fois qu\u2019il lui \u00e9tait demand\u00e9 par le roi des poissons il revenait sur terre.<br \/>\n\u00ab Je veux en conclure que partout o\u00f9 l\u2019homme voit son avantage, il y court quand il peut. Par suite si on d\u00e9crie les Africains, je dirai que je suis n\u00e9 \u00e0 Grenade et non en Afrique. Et si c\u2019est mon pays natal que j\u2019entends critiquer, j\u2019all\u00e9guerai en ma faveur que j\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9 en Afrique et non \u00e0 Grenade. Mais je suis assez bienveillant vis-\u00e0-vis des Africains pour ne relater de ce qui peut leur \u00eatre reproch\u00e9 que les choses qui sont de notori\u00e9t\u00e9 publique et les plus manifestes aux yeux de chacun \u00bb (Jean-L\u00e9on l\u2019Africain, La description de l\u2019Afrique, trad.fran\u00e7. D\u2019Epaulard, nouvelle \u00e9dition, Maisonneuve, 1980, partie I, p.66)[\/vc_column_text]                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row bg_position=&#8221;custom&#8221; enable_overlay=&#8221;yes&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1699958569443{padding-top: 150px !important;padding-bottom: 150px !important;background-color: rgba(96,54,0,0.31) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;*background-color: rgb(96,54,0) !important;}&#8221; overlay_bg=&#8221;linear-gradient(65deg, rgb(35, 42, 59) 0%, rgba(35, 42, 59, 0) 100%)&#8221; bg_pos_h=&#8221;80%&#8221; bg_pos_v=&#8221;50%&#8221;][vc_column enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; ca_init_scale_x=&#8221;1&#8243; ca_init_scale_y=&#8221;1&#8243; ca_init_opacity=&#8221;0&#8243; ca_an_scale_x=&#8221;1&#8243; ca_an_scale_y=&#8221;1&#8243; ca_an_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; offset=&#8221;vc_col-lg-offset-2 vc_col-lg-8 vc_col-md-offset-1 vc_col-md-10&#8243; responsive_align=&#8221;text-center&#8221; ca_duration=&#8221;1600&#8243; ca_delay=&#8221;160&#8243; ca_init_translate_y=&#8221;70&#8243;][vc_separator color=&#8221;white&#8221; style=&#8221;shadow&#8221; border_width=&#8221;4&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11360&#8243; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; gap=&#8221;25&#8243; full_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; columns_placement=&#8221;stretch&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11144","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11144"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11144"}],"version-history":[{"count":84,"href":"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11144\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11206,"href":"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11144\/revisions\/11206"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cas.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11144"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}